Congress

Congress is the legislative branch: two chambers, working together and separately, to write, debate, and pass the nation's laws.

The House and Senate are built differently on purpose. This page is the starting point for understanding how they divide the work, where they meet, and which records to check for either one.

In republican government, the legislative authority necessarily predominates.

James Madison
Total members535435 House, 100 Senate
Chambers2House and Senate
Term of a Congress2yrsNumbered, e.g. 119th Congress

Two Chambers, One Congress

Each chamber has its own rules, culture, and pace, and each has a fuller page of its own. Start here for how a chamber works, or jump straight to House or Senate content.

Lower Chamber

The House

435 voting members, apportioned by population, serving two-year terms. Originates revenue bills and holds the sole power to impeach.

Upper Chamber

The Senate

100 senators, two per state regardless of population, serving staggered six-year terms. Confirms nominees and ratifies treaties.

How a Bill Becomes a Law

A real process, moving through both chambers and the President in sequence — the clearest example of how Congress's two halves connect.

Starts inA chamber introduces the bill
Moves toThe other chamber votes and passes it
Ends atPresident signs it into law

The people are the only sure reliance for the preservation of our liberty.

Thomas Jefferson

Difference Between The House and The Senate

House
Senate
Members
435 voting members
100 senators
Representation
Population-based districts
Two senators per state
Term length
Two years
Six years
Election cycle
All seats every two years
About one-third every two years
Special powers
Revenue bills and impeachment
Confirmations, treaties, and impeachment trials

Congressional Leadership

Each chamber elects its own leadership, one set for the House and a separate set for the Senate.

House Leadership

  1. Speaker of the HousePresides over the chamber and sets the legislative agenda.
  2. Majority LeaderManages the majority party's floor strategy.
  3. Majority WhipCounts votes and helps secure support on key measures.
  4. Minority LeaderLeads the minority party's floor response.

Senate Leadership

  1. President of the SenateThe Vice President, who may cast a tie-breaking vote.
  2. President Pro TemporePresides in the Vice President's absence.
  3. Majority LeaderControls the Senate floor schedule.
  4. Minority LeaderOrganizes the minority party's floor response.

Find Your Members of Congress

Choose a state to see its full congressional delegation — both House representatives and both senators — along with contact information, congressional work, and public resources.

Official Links

Use these sources to check current text, records, deadlines, forms, votes, rules, or public notices.

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