Terms starting with "B"

By Request A designation on a measure indicating that the member has introduced the measure on behalf of someone else (e.g., the. By-election Also known as a special election in the U.S., a by-election is held to fill a vacant seat in a legislative body between general elections. It is a common feature in parliamentary systems like the UK. Bylaw A rule made by a company, society, or local government to control the actions of its members or regulate specific local issues. They are subordinate to higher-level laws like state statutes or the U.S. Constitution. Byrd Rule The Byrd Rule is a Senate rule that limits what provisions may be included in budget reconciliation legislation. It allows senators to challenge provisions considered extraneous to the budgetary purpose of the measure. A provision found to violate the rule may be removed unless the Senate waives the rule with the required vote. Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives (ATF) The Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives (ATF) is a federal law-enforcement agency within the U.S. Department of Justice. It enforces federal laws involving firearms, explosives, arson, and illegal trafficking in alcohol and tobacco products, and it supports investigations involving those areas. Bureaucracy The complex, hierarchical structure of government agencies and departments responsible for the day-to-day implementation and administration of public policy and laws. It is characterized by specialized roles, standardized procedures, and a clear chain of command. Bureaucrat A government official who works within the administrative structure of the state, typically hired based on merit and responsible for implementing laws, managing public programs, and enforcing regulations. Bureaucratic Discretion The authority granted to administrative agencies and their employees to make decisions, interpret rules, and enforce laws based on their professional judgment within the boundaries set by legislation. Budget Bill A budget bill is legislation that addresses government revenue, spending, or budgetary priorities. The phrase can refer to appropriations measures or other bills with major fiscal effects; the exact function depends on the bill's text and the chamber's procedure. Budget Hearing A budget hearing is a public proceeding in which lawmakers or another authorized body question officials or experts about proposed revenue, spending, priorities, or financial performance. Hearings can inform legislative decisions and provide a record for oversight, but they do not themselves enact appropriations. Budget Resolution A concurrent resolution passed by Congress that sets forth the legislative branch's non-binding framework for federal spending, revenue, and the deficit for the upcoming fiscal year. It does not go to the President for a signature. Bully Pulpit The President's ability to use their public visibility and prestige to influence public opinion, shape the national agenda, and pressure Congress to act on specific legislation.