Government Glossary
Checks and Balances
Tools one branch can use to limit, review, or influence another branch.
Plain-English Meaning
Checks and balances are the practical tools that keep separated powers from becoming isolated powers. The President can veto a bill, but Congress can override a veto. Congress can fund or refuse to fund agencies, hold oversight hearings, impeach federal officers, and confirm many presidential nominees. Courts can decide whether laws or executive actions violate the Constitution or statutes. The Senate can approve or reject treaties and nominees. These checks can be frustrating, but they are designed to force public power through more than one institution before it becomes final.